Nate Silver trashed his former website in a Vanity Fair interview saying the FiveThirtyEight model is “broken” and added: “I don’t think you can trust anything from that forecaster.”
The Polling Imperilment
Rick Perlstein: “In 2016, I experienced the desolation of my candidate for president losing after the most respected polling experts told me she had a 71.4 percent, 85 percent, 98.2 percent, and even 99 percent chance of winning. As a historian, I was studying how Ronald Reagan’s runaway landslide in 1980 was proceeded by every pollster but one supremely confident that the race was just about tied.”
“I’ve just finished a fine book published in 2020 that confirms an intuition I’ve been chewing on since then. It turns out this is practically the historical norm. W. Joseph Campbell’s Lost in a Gallup: Polling Failure in U.S. Presidential Elections demonstrates—for the first time, strangely enough, given the robust persuasiveness of its conclusions—that presidential polls are almost always wrong, consistently, in deeply patterned ways.”
Making Sense of the Confusing Recent Polling
Dan Pfeiffer: “Riding the pollercoaster is an exercise in insanity. A few things to keep in mind (I like to reiterate these reminders every month or so): first, polling is an inexact science. There is a margin for error. A poll that shows Harris up two and one that shows her down two are essentially the same.”
“Second — and I can’t emphasize this enough — polling is not supposed to predict the future. It tells us our present. Let’s say the NYT poll is right. Harris is down two in North Carolina now, but has more than a month to make up that gap. Finally, it is totally okay to ignore all of the polls, but if you must look, focus on the averages. They smooth out the statistical variance inherent in individual polls.”
Who’s Actually Going to Vote?
“In the flood of election polls you’ll see over the next few weeks, most polling groups will include responses from ‘likely voters.’ And often from nobody else,” the New York Times reports.
“In theory, these poll numbers should yield more accurate results, since the people who actually vote are the ones who dictate the outcome on Election Day. But creating a precise picture of who will vote in November is a complicated endeavor.”
“After all, how exactly can a pollster know who is ‘likely’ to vote, and who therefore will be the focus of their results? There’s no one right answer, and every polling firm has its own strategy.”
The Hill: Democrats fear pollsters are undercounting Trump.
Why Forecast Models Aren’t Any Better Than Polls
Natalie Jackson: “Forecasts based on polls and election ‘fundamentals,’ like what FiveThirtyEight, The Economist, and Nate Silver produce, are more intriguing from an empirical standpoint. The statistical machinations are genuinely challenging and interesting to work on: combining national and state-level polls, economic factors, incumbency factors, and vote history, and then spinning it all up into a state-by-state prediction that can be used to simulate presidential elections. We’re talking thousands and thousands of lines of code.”
“Sounds pretty empirical, right? It is, in the sense that you build a big model that takes in a ton of data and puts out a ton of data. But every decision about what goes into the model is subjective: The modeler decides what polls are used, whether they are adjusted for the quality or past accuracy of the pollster, how much any individual poll is able to move the trend, which economic indicators to use, which political factors are important, and how all those are coded in. Make a different decision at any step, and you change the model’s predictions…”
“We can calculate probabilities all day long, but we have no idea what their accuracy is. Polls have margins of error, plus additional error. Models have error of their own. Judgment calls made by those constructing the models have error. We don’t know how big all of that cumulative error is.”
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Is Kamala Harris Really Ahead?
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Why Aren’t We Polling the House?
“There’s a polling crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with weighted averages, sampling errors, or the ‘shy Trump voter’ phenomenon. It’s the lack of reliable polling on House races this cycle,” National Journal reports.
“Ask any campaign strategist worth their salt, and they will grumble that, while presidential polling is a dime a dozen, there’s a serious lack of public data on the races that will decide control of an entire branch of government, especially in the House.”
538 Model Criticized for Lack of Transparency
Semafor: “It reappeared Friday with a forecast showing Harris winning 58 times out of 100. The results largely mirror those shown by other election forecasters, including the Economist.”
“The polling world’s Nates (Silver and Cohn), who don’t always agree with each other, both pointed out on Twitter that it appears the model has been altered significantly, and they criticized 538 and its owner ABC News for not explaining the changes to readers.”
Polls Can’t Measure Hypotheticals
Patrick Ruffini: “The point here is not that the polls are fake or that respondents are lying. Polls are a reflection of the political moment when the poll is taken. And merely asking a hypothetical can’t begin to approximate the dynamics of a change once it actually takes place.”
“Especially as July wore on, some polls were directionally right about Harris polling better than Biden. But these polls got the psychology of the electorate wrong, suggesting a replacement would fare almost as badly as Biden, with all of the downsides Flaherty outlined in his memo.”
“What polls didn’t capture was the enormous sense of relief that would wash over the Democratic Party once the Biden drama was resolved, leading at least for now to a consolidation of the party’s base behind Harris. Three weeks ago, the party was anything but unified, so the polls taken at the time, with their dejected and despondent Democratic samples, weren’t that helpful in making the case for a switch.”
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Polls May Determine Biden’s Fate
Nate Cohn: “The average of polls has shown Donald Trump with an almost uninterrupted lead for 10 months, and this undoubtedly shapes the calculation of Democrats in Washington. It’s hard to believe there would be any serious drive to replace Mr. Biden if the polls showed him clearly leading, as they did throughout the last election.”
“This puts a big responsibility on polls and pollsters. The fate of the president may not rest in their hands, but — at the very least — it will be influenced by their methods. In a sense, it is what polling is supposed to do in a democracy: give political actors insight into the will of the people, enabling decision makers to better respond to the demands of the electorate.”
“At the same time, it’s not obvious that polling is up to the challenge.”
How the Polls Are Changing
Derivative Polling tracks changes in polls from the same pollster.
“Rather than combining every poll under the sun, with complex corrections for pollster reliability, bias, state effects, economic fundamentals or whatnot, this tracker instead focusses on changes from one poll to the next by the same pollster.“
It’s updated daily.
How Pollsters Are Trying to Fix Their Polls
“Candidates and voters alike are wondering whether they can trust the polls ahead of November’s elections,” Axios reports.
“The 2016 and 2020 elections rocked public confidence in polling after many underestimated the amount of support for former President Trump. Meanwhile, pollsters are having to adapt their methods, with fewer respondents answering the phone.”
New Pollster Ratings
Nate Silver has released new pollster ratings which differ from the methodology used by his old home, FiveThirtyEight.
“The top-rated pollsters — Selzer & Co. and The New York Times/Siena College — will be familiar to longtime readers.”
“For the record, though, eligible polls in the 2024 presidential primaries missed the final margin between the top two candidates by an average of 9.7 percentage points. That isn’t very accurate, obviously — but it’s consistent with the long-term average error in presidential primary polls since 2000, which is 9.3 percentage points.”
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Will Polls Keep Overestimating Trump’s Support?
Politico: “It’s true that surveys overestimated Trump’s actual vote share in eight of the 10 states where there was enough polling for FiveThirtyEight to produce an average. And after a spate of national polls showed Biden behind Trump, the president’s campaign asserted that polling “consistently overestimates Donald Trump while underestimating President Biden.” Aides cited the results of the presidential primaries and special elections held since 2022 as proof.”
“But both are misleading indicators. That’s because the reason polling overestimated Republican margins in the primaries and special elections is unlikely to be duplicated in the general election: It was hard for pollsters to know which voters were going to show up.”
“Using polling to estimate election results requires making informed choices about the composition of the electorate. But the Republican primary electorate is much smaller and harder to predict than the much broader segment of voters likely to turn out in November for the general election.”
There’s Plenty of Time for Biden to Catch Up
G. Elliot Morris: “So far, the Biden campaign’s strategy has been to publicly dismiss the polls rather than confront their bad numbers head-on. For instance, at the opening ceremony of a campaign field office in Manchester, New Hampshire, Biden disparaged polls as inaccurate and stuck using old-fashioned technology.”
“Biden is wrong about that. Despite the challenges facing the industry, polls remain as accurate as ever. But that doesn’t mean that polls taken eight months before Election Day are reliable predictors of the final outcome. My analysis of polling from past elections reveals that there is plenty of precedent for a candidate like Biden to gain enough ground to win the election. Moreover, I find there is more uncertainty in the polls now than in previous cycles, further casting doubt on the early gloomy prognostication about Biden’s odds.”
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